Timolol is a Medicine belongs to Adrenoceptor blockers / Antihypertensive group whose information about Brand can be referenced from   Book : Martindale    Page : 1551   Edition : 37,

  ►   Brandname :
Glucomol,Glucotim,Ocupres,Betim,Glau-opt


  ►  Strength :
Tablet with 5  mg, Tablet with 10  mg, Tablet with 20  mg,

Reference of this Medicine for its Strength can be taken from   Book : Basic & Clinical pharmacology    Page : 189   Edition : 12,
A Route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration.

  ►  Route of administration :
Oral,
Reference :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,

Dosing of Medicine differ in Adult & Pediatrics ↓

Adult Dose

S.No Ailment   Route   Dose Min   Dose Max   Unit   Dosage Form   Frequency   Additional Info
1 Raised intra-ocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma ophthalmic 0.25 0.5 % Eye Drop b.d.
2 hypertension Oral 10 mg Tablet Dose: Given daily.
3 Angina pectoris Oral 5 mg Tablet b.d.
4 Myocardial infarction Oral 5 mg Tablet b.d.
5 Migraine Oral 10 20 mg Tablet Dose:Given daily.

Ref :-  Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,




Pediatric Dose

S.No Ailment   Age Min   Age Max   Weight ( Kg ) Route   Dose Min   Dose Max   Unit   Dosage Form   Frequency  Additional Info  

Ref :- Book :
►  Side Effect :
heart failure, heart block, bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, paraesthesia, arthralgia, myopathies, muscle cramps, coldness of the extremities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal cramping, hypoglycemia, Hyperglycaemia, Skin rashes, pruritus, exacerbation of psoriasis, excess sweating, reversible alopecia, nonthrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, transient eosinophilia,
Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1349   Edition : 37,
►  Drug Interaction : Drug interaction of Timolol is with
Sertraline, Suxamethonium/Succinylcholinechloride (Suxamethonium chloride) , Clonidine , Norgestrienone , Rifampicin , Cimetidine , Erythromycin , Fluvoxamine, Hydralazine ,
Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1352   Edition : 38,

  ►    Mechanism of Drug Drug Interaction : 
Drugs that cause hypotension such as aldesleukin and general anaesthetics also enhance the antihypertensive effects of beta blockers while other drugs, for example NSAIDs, antagonise the antihypertensive effects. Use of beta blockers with other cardiac depressants such as antiarrhythmics and rate-limiting calcium channel blockers can precipitate bradycardia and heart block; the combination of intravenous verapamil and beta blockers should especially be avoided. Sotalol is particularly prone to interactions with other drugs affecting cardiac conduction (see p.1398). Beta blockers may potentiate bradycardia due to digoxin.In diabetic patients beta blockers can reduce the response to insulin and oral hypoglycaemics through their effects on pancreatic beta receptors. Metabolism of some beta blockers can be increased by drugs such as barbiturates and rifampicin and decreased with drugs such as cimetidine, erythromycin, fluvoxamine, and hydralazine.cimetidine and hydralazine decrease hepatic blood flow and this contributes to the decreased hepatic clearance seen with these drugs. Drugs that influence hepatic metabolism affect beta blockers that are extensively metabolised, such as labetalol, propranolol, and timolol, while beta blockers that are excreted largely unchanged, for example atenolol and nadolol, are unaffected.,
Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page :    Edition : ,

►  Contraindication :
asthma, Bronchospasm, Obstructive airway disease, metabolic acidosis, cardiogenic shock, , Bradycardia , phaeochromocytoma,
Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1351   Edition : 37,
  ►  Mechanism of Action :  
Timolol is a non-cardioselective beta blocker. It is reported to lack intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising activity,
Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,

Pathway of Dietry Product

​   ► Act.Comp / Nutrient / Food / Herb as follows :- Pilocarpus with Another pathway, Leaf of Pilocarpus with Another pathway,

  ►  Pathway with its reference as follows :-
  • Anti-Glaucoma --- (kokate, C. (2013). Pharmacognosy (4th ed.). Mumbai: Nirali Prakashan. )
  • Pilocarpine have Anti-Glaucoma activity --- (Kokate, C. (2013). Pharmacognosy (4th ed.). Pune: Nirali Prakashan. )

    •   ►  URL -- http://www.vitorrentz.in/search/Text+Book+Of+Pharmacognosy, +C.+K.+Kokate, +A.P.+Purohit, +S.B.+Gokhale,


    Dietry Substance Interactions

    ​   ► This Medicine interact with :- NA



    ContraIndication Dietry Substance

    ​   ► This Medicine contraindicate with :- NA

    ►   Route of Elimination :  
    Renal,
    Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,

    ►    Plasma Half-life :      
    Min value :-   4 hours,    Max value :-   NA
    Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,

    ►    Peak Plasma Concentration :  
    Min value :-   1 hour,    Max value :-   2 hours,
    Ref :-   Book : Martindale    Page : 1550   Edition : 37,